Leaderboard
728x15

Ballet and Beauty

Some cool photo art images:


Ballet and Beauty
photo art
Image by Pat McDonald
Photo Art by Patrick McDonald

Have a look at Richard's other photos at:
www.pbase.com/rcalmes/image/68336334

This photo Copyright Richard Calmes 2006

From a challenge at: www.innographx.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5993


HMS Verdun Approaching Scapa Flow
photo art
Image by Pat McDonald
Photo Art by Patrick McDonald

From a marvelous resource at: www.navyphotos.co.uk/

From a photo here: www.navyphotos.co.uk/vrdn dww22b.jpg

I was inspired by the work of a very talented artist here: www.flickr.com/photos/limemintcooler/

Nice Photo Websites photos

Some cool photo websites images:



flickr .mw as graph
photo websites
Image by .mw
website as graph: www.aharef.info/static/htmlgraph/

flickr tags: www.flickr.com/photos/tags/websitesasgraphs/

Nice Photo Editing Online photos

Some cool photo editing online images:


RAW: Milwaukee Presents Expressions 5/23/13
photo editing online
Image by rawartistsmedia
ALL photography captured & edited by Ryan Laessig / Milwaukee Alt.

www.facebook.com/pages/Milwaukee-Alt/157022164367416

Location: The Rave / Eagles Club Basement

Please Credit If photos used online


RAW: Milwaukee Presents Expressions 5/23/13
photo editing online
Image by rawartistsmedia
ALL photography captured & edited by Ryan Laessig / Milwaukee Alt.

www.facebook.com/pages/Milwaukee-Alt/157022164367416

Location: The Rave / Eagles Club Basement

Please Credit If photos used online


RAW: Milwaukee Presents Expressions 5/23/13
photo editing online
Image by rawartistsmedia
ALL photography captured & edited by Ryan Laessig / Milwaukee Alt.

www.facebook.com/pages/Milwaukee-Alt/157022164367416

Location: The Rave / Eagles Club Basement

Please Credit If photos used online

Patent reform bills with little reform

A few nice image source images I found:


Patent reform bills with little reform
image source
Image by opensourceway
Image source:
www.flickr.com/photos/dkpto/2742873567/

Read the article on opensource.com
Patent reform bills with little reform
New patent reform law could reduce lawsuits by non-practicing entities
Patent reform: Can preissuance submissions help?

Created by Libby Levi for opensource.com


Droplets on leaves
image source
Image by AJC1
Image sources:

1. Grass & Leaf Ⅱ by mookio www.flickr.com/photos/30404971@N00/2281899982/
2. Droplet Party by Cesar R. www.flickr.com/photos/71239936@N00/492548853/
3. Follow The Leader by Cesar R. www.flickr.com/photos/71239936@N00/1380126673/
4. Multitasking drop by Steve took it www.flickr.com/photos/stevewall/791124841/
5. Droplet clear by tapperboy www.flickr.com/photos/78374943@N00/322654982/

Cool Photo Search images

Check out these photo search images:


Profile pimping v2.1 - my gear
photo search
Image by .m for matthijs
This is a gear-display-image for my Flickr profile

Time for an update from the previous version ..

I ordered the Canon 100mm f/2.8 macro USM!! (I'll have to use it on a borrowed 20D for the moment, because my 30D is being repaired)

And I sold the WP-DC800 underwater housing with a Canon digital Ixus 400 .. Shooting with it was fun, but if you know SLR quality, you'll be bothered by the lack of control and quality with an Ixus 400/500 underwater .. I'll buy better underwater gear next time I'll go on a diving holiday ..

I guess this is all I ever need .. probably .. for now .. ;)

--------------------------------------

UPDATE APRIL 2008
I bought a Lubitel 166b twin lens reflex, a Polaroid 1000 and a LOMO LC-A! yay! :D



p013025
photo search
Image by PhotosNormandie
Des WAC's débarquent d'un LCM sur un causeway, nous sommes sur Utah Beach mi juillet 1944.
Au centre un membre du 1st ESB (arc de cercle bleu jusqu'à la visière du casque lourd).
Remarquez le marin à gauche, il est assis sur la p013026 à l'embarquement du même groupe sur le LCM.
www.flickr.com/search/?w=58897785@N00&q=p013025%20or%...
Voir ici juste avant:
www.flickr.com/photos/mlq/6288867150/in/photostream
18 juillet
les premières WAC à débarquer en Normandie ?
selon la légende US
ici le 14 juillet
www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/Wac/ch21.htm

1954 Oldsmobile Ninety-Eight (03)

Check out these picture sizes images:


1954 Oldsmobile Ninety-Eight (03)
picture sizes
Image by Georg Schwalbach (GS1311)
The Oldsmobile 98 (originally Series 90; a.k.a. Ninety-Eight) was a full-size automobile and the flagship model of the Oldsmobile division of General Motors. The name first appeared in 1941 and was used again after American consumer automobile production resumed post-World War II. It was, as it would remain, the top-of-the-line model, with lesser Oldsmobiles having lower numbers such as 66 and 76. These were replaced by the Oldsmobile 88 in 1949, and the two number-names would carry on into the 1990s as the bread and butter of the full-size Oldsmobile lineup until the Aurora would replace it for 1996.

(Wikipedia)

- - -

Der Oldsmobile 98 (seit 1952 ausgeschrieben als Oldsmobile Ninety Eight) war ein Auto, das von 1940 bis 1996 von Oldsmobile, einer Marke von General Motors (1897-2004), gebaut wurde. In dieser Zeit war der 98 durchgehend das Spitzenmodell von Oldsmobile und entsprach größen- und prestigemäßig dem Luxusmodell der Schwestermarke Buick und wurde, zusammen mit dem Buick Electra, nur von den Modellen der Luxusmarke Cadillac übertroffen.

(Wikipedia)


Mercedes R107 (01)
picture sizes
Image by Georg Schwalbach (GS1311)
The Mercedes-Benz R107 automobiles were produced from 1971 through 1989, being the longest single series ever produced by the firm, besides the G-Class. They were sold under the SL-Class and SLC-Class model names. The R107 replaced the W113 SL-Class in 1972 and was replaced by the R129 SL-Class in 1989.

The R107 took the chassis components of the mid size Mercedes-Benz W114 model and mated them to the larger engines from the S-Class. The W 107 chassis is also referred to as "R 107" for "Reihe" (series). The series comprised SL and SLC models.

The SL variant was a 2-seat convertible/roadster with standard soft top and hardtop. The SLC (technically C107) derivative was a 2 door hardtop coupe, with usable rear seats and in effect an SL stretched 10 inches (254 mm) with a fixed roof. Although some may air this car as an 'SL coupe'- though technically it might be, but in the real world it was an S-class coupe (modern day CL), replacing the former saloon-based 280/300SE coupé in Mercedes` lineup. The SLC was replaced earlier than the SL, in 1981, with a much larger model, the 380SEC. It was aimed at the same market as more exotic machines like the Jaguar E-Type and Citroën SM.

The 107 chassis had the longest run of any Mercedes chassis, 18 years from 1971 to 1989. Some 237,000 107 chassis SL's were built. About two thirds were sold in the US. These 107 cars are larger, heavier and more costly than the previous generation W113 SL cars.

Volume production of the first R107 car, the 350 SL, started in April, 1971 alongside the last of the W 113 cars; the 350 SLC followed in October. Early North American cars wore the name 350 SL, but had a larger 4.5L V8 (and were renamed 450 SL/SLC for model year 1973); the big V8 became available on other markets with the official introduction of the 450 SL/SLC on non-North American markets in March, 1973.

From July, 1974 both SL and SLC could also be ordered with a fuel-injected 2.8L straight-6 as 280 SL and SLC.

In September, 1977 the 450 SLC 5.0 joined the line. This was a special version of the big coupé featuring a bored five-liter version of the 4.5L V8, some light alloy body panels and a black plastic rear spoiler.

The 350, 450 and 450 SLC 5.0 models (like the 350 and 450 SL) were discontinued in 1980 with the introduction of the 380 and 500 SLC in March, 1980. At the same time, the cars received a very mild make-over; the 3-speed automatic was replaced by a four-speed unit, the 280 models came with a standard 5-speed (formerly a 4-speed) manual and all five-liter cars gained a black rear spoiler lip.

The 280, 380 and 500SLC were discontinued in 1981 with the introduction of the 126 series 380 and 500SEC coupes. A total of 62,888 SLCs had been manufactured over a ten year period of which just 1,636 were the 450SLC-5.0 and 1,133 were the 500SLC. Both these models are sought by collectors today. The SLC remains the only fixed roof Mercedes-Benz coupe based on a roadster rather than a sedan. Even today, an SLC in good mechanical condition still gives a mix of good performance, superb handling, comfort and safety, making it is easy to realise why they were a successful rally car.

Following the discontinuation of the SLC in September, 1981, the 107 series continued initially as the 280, 380 and 500SL. At this time, the V8 engines were re-tuned for greater efficiency, lost a few hp and consumed less fuel, helped by substantially numerically shorter axle ratios (that went from 3.27:1 to 2.47:1 for the 380 SL and from 2.72:1 to 2.27:1 for the 500 SL). From September, 1985 the 280SL was replaced by a new 300 SL, and the 380 SL by a 420 SL; the 500 SL continued and a 560SL was introduced for certain extra-European markets, most notably the USA. The final R107 SL was built on August 4, 1989. This eighteen-year run makes the 107 series the longest running series produced by Daimler-Benz.

The last 107 made, a 1989 500SL painted Astral Silver, resides in the Mercedes-Benz museum in Stuttgart, Germany. The W107 series today is prized by classic car collectors; almost all usable examples are worth £5000+ apiece, with the highest-range models sometimes worth £10,000 or more.

(Wikipedia)

- - -

Der Mercedes R107 ist ein zweisitziger Roadster mit auf Wunsch lieferbaren hinteren Notsitzen. Das Schwestermodell Mercedes C107 verfügt gegenüber dem Roadster über einen verlängerten Radstand und ist ein fünfsitziges Coupé mit vollwertigen hinteren Sitzen. Die Wagen gehören zur SL-Baureihe von Mercedes-Benz.

Die SL-Baureihe 107, die 1971 als Nachfolger der sogenannten Pagoden-SL (Baureihe W113) debütierte, begründete mit den Breitband H4-Scheinwerfern und den großen geriffelten Rückleuchten eine neue Designlinie bei Mercedes-Benz. Eine leichte Keilform deutete auf eine verbesserte Aerodynamik hin. Verantwortlicher Designer dieser Serie war erneut Friedrich Geiger, der bereits für die zeitlosen Schöpfungen des 300 SL (einschließlich Roadster) und des vom W111 abgeleiteten Coupés verantwortlich zeichnete. [1]

Mit den Typen 450 SLC und 450 SLC 5.0 bzw. 500 SLC nahm Daimler-Benz Ende der siebziger Jahre an großen Rallyes wie der 30.000 km langen Vuelta à la America del Sud (1977), der Safari-Rallye (1979) und der Bandama-Rallye (1979/1980) teil.

Mittlerweile befindet sich der älteste noch erhaltene R107, ein 350 SL mit der Chassis-Nummer 107043-12-000008 und der Motor-Nummer 116982-12-000001, in der Hand eines Arztes aus Erlangen. Der Wagen ist sandbeigemetallic und wurde am 21. April 1971 in Italien zum ersten Mal zugelassen.

(Wikipedia)


1954 Oldsmobile Ninety-Eight (01)
picture sizes
Image by Georg Schwalbach (GS1311)
The Oldsmobile 98 (originally Series 90; a.k.a. Ninety-Eight) was a full-size automobile and the flagship model of the Oldsmobile division of General Motors. The name first appeared in 1941 and was used again after American consumer automobile production resumed post-World War II. It was, as it would remain, the top-of-the-line model, with lesser Oldsmobiles having lower numbers such as 66 and 76. These were replaced by the Oldsmobile 88 in 1949, and the two number-names would carry on into the 1990s as the bread and butter of the full-size Oldsmobile lineup until the Aurora would replace it for 1996.

(Wikipedia)

- - -

Der Oldsmobile 98 (seit 1952 ausgeschrieben als Oldsmobile Ninety Eight) war ein Auto, das von 1940 bis 1996 von Oldsmobile, einer Marke von General Motors (1897-2004), gebaut wurde. In dieser Zeit war der 98 durchgehend das Spitzenmodell von Oldsmobile und entsprach größen- und prestigemäßig dem Luxusmodell der Schwestermarke Buick und wurde, zusammen mit dem Buick Electra, nur von den Modellen der Luxusmarke Cadillac übertroffen.

(Wikipedia)

Tower of London

A few nice upload image images I found:


Tower of London
upload image
Image by Ed.ward
Through the railings. I love the trees in this.

This image is available as a wallpaper on blog.edsimpson.co.uk/walls/.

Nikon F80
Nikkor 20mm f/2.8 AF-D
Fuji Superia 400 (expired)


Light trails 2
upload image
Image by Yashna M
I don't like to upload same type of images because i like variety and images being different from the previous uploaded image but i feel like i should have uploaded this one instead of the other but i dont wanna take the other one down just because of this one. Gosh confusing enough!

Sharper. Clearer.Cooler. Less edited.

I have one last paper and i'm done.
Yay:D well will be job hunting soon coz i wanna travel again this december!!!!!!!!!!!!
Yashna~

Instagram: @aliicealive

summer7

Check out these free photo edit images:


summer7
free photo edit
Image by patkashtock
This is the straight just go through camera raw non-filtered picture.


Summer
free photo edit
Image by patkashtock
foxxe's moody filter. I like this effect. Gives it a nice sepia cast with some shadows. You do need to view any of these filtered ones as the larger, or original size. They don't work well small.


Stained glass
free photo edit
Image by cutemosaic.com
#pricesthatshockyou one mosaic like this is for free.

necktie

A few nice upload image images I found:


necktie
upload image
Image by anthony ..
php.chol.com/~maybreez/zog/webmsg/media/upload_images/nec...


1000 Faces of Canada # 0082
upload image
Image by Through Painted Eyes
This is the 82nd image in a street photography / street portraiture series called "1000 Faces Of Canada". Feel free to add me as a contact, I will be uploading images as often as possible toward this project.

Click here to jump to the first image in this series.


1000 Faces of Canada # 0068
upload image
Image by Through Painted Eyes
This is the 68th image in a street photography / street portraiture series called "1000 Faces Of Canada". Feel free to add me as a contact, I will be uploading images as often as possible toward this project.

Click here to jump to the first image in this series.

Cool Magic Photo images

Check out these magic photo images:


Disney's Magic Kingdom 112
magic photo
Image by Michael Kappel

Disney's Magic Kingdom
disneyworld.disney.go.com/parks/magic-kingdom/

Picture taken in Orlando Florida at the Walt Disney World Park
View the high resolution image on my photo website
Pictures.MichaelKappel.com


Disney's Magic Kingdom 280
magic photo
Image by Michael Kappel

Disney's Magic Kingdom
disneyworld.disney.go.com/parks/magic-kingdom/

Picture taken in Orlando Florida at the Walt Disney World Park
View the high resolution image on my photo website
Pictures.MichaelKappel.com


Disney's Magic Kingdom 152
magic photo
Image by Michael Kappel

Disney's Magic Kingdom
disneyworld.disney.go.com/parks/magic-kingdom/

Picture taken in Orlando Florida at the Walt Disney World Park
View the high resolution image on my photo website
Pictures.MichaelKappel.com

Nice Photo photos

Some cool photo images:


Dripping Edge
photo
Image by Nicole Yeary
Unedited shots with the new Samsung ST600.

Courtesy of Sears & Samsung I got to try out the Samsung ST600 ~ Here are some of my shots from the photo walk this morning.


Stripped Shadows
photo
Image by Nicole Yeary
Unedited shots with the new Samsung ST600.

Courtesy of Sears & Samsung I got to try out the Samsung ST600 ~ Here are some of my shots from the photo walk this morning.

Cool Photo Editing Websites images

Check out these photo editing websites images:


Honda Civic
photo editing websites
Image by Charles Siritho
For all those that are looking at these photos, please visit my website, leaving me a email is always an appreciation too :)

Always looking for hire'd work, batch editing, 2nd shooting.

www.linkedin.com/pub/charles-siritho/26/499/678
www.yelp.com/biz/charles-siritho-photography-phoenix
www.charlessiritho.com
www.facebook.com/siritho
info@charlessiritho.com


Import Face-Off Model
photo editing websites
Image by Charles Siritho
For all those that are looking at these photos, please visit my website, leaving me a email is always an appreciation too :)

Always looking for hire'd work, batch editing, 2nd shooting.

www.linkedin.com/pub/charles-siritho/26/499/678
www.yelp.com/biz/charles-siritho-photography-phoenix
www.charlessiritho.com
www.facebook.com/siritho
info@charlessiritho.com


LoCash Racing 1047Hp Honda Civic
photo editing websites
Image by Charles Siritho
For all those that are looking at these photos, please visit my website, leaving me a email is always an appreciation too :)

Always looking for hire'd work, batch editing, 2nd shooting.

www.linkedin.com/pub/charles-siritho/26/499/678
www.yelp.com/biz/charles-siritho-photography-phoenix
www.charlessiritho.com
www.facebook.com/siritho
info@charlessiritho.com

Cool Photo Printing images

Check out these photo printing images:


Framed Print Victoria Fountain Fish / Dolphin Fountain Reflection - Brian Eno Speaker Flowers Sound Installation at Marlborough House
photo printing
Image by Dominic's pics
View this virtual tour of 152 images as a Slideshow

Glazed framed print reflects Old Steine Victoria Gardens and gilded dolphins of Victoria Fountain.

See also the related "Brian Eno 77 Million Paintings" set, - an exhibition that ran concurrently at Fabrica Gallery during the festival.

This image is part of a set of photos of the Brian Eno Speaker Flowers Sound Installation at Marlborough House (and also of the house itself) on the Old Steine, Brighton, East sussex, UK. The exhibition was presented by Fabrica Art Gallery, as part of the Brighton Festival, May 2010. The installation includes the poems and words of Rick Holland.

The Grade I listed house was built circa 1765 , purchased at one time by the Duke of Marlborough, and substantially remodelled by the Scottish architect Robert Adam.

More links:

Brian Eno Shop
Arena TV series theme tune video by Brian Eno.
Microsoft Windows Start-Up Sounds collection video (Including Windows 95 music by Brian Eno).

Marlborough House (My Brighton and Hove)
The Architecture of Robert Adam (1728-1792) from RCAHMS (the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland)
Humberts Leisure Brochure on property [.pdf download]

Some of the photos in this set are presented in multiple versions made possible using HDR (High Dynamic Range) photography - these variations are displayed with more than one exposure, gamma, "local adaptation" compression or "unsharp mask" process.

Many rooms had their windows screened using coloured Crêpe paper / tissue paper. This gave their illumination a colour cast - which has been exaggerated (or neutralised) on an image by image basis. The actual experience of the coloured light was one of only a slight and soft hue.

In some instances the photos have modified to give an architectural, classical, "two-point" perspective - with forced, parallel verticals.



rosa veneziano (Carnevale di Venezia)
photo printing
Image by RONALD MENTI

Cool Photo Effects Online images

Some cool photo effects online images:


Poison Ivy, Toxicodendron radicans....Ivy có độc....#9
photo effects online
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Taken on June 8, 2012 in Waco city, Texas state, Southern of America.

Nếu nhìn trên bản đồ của Bộ Nông Nghiêp Hoa Kỳ ( USDA ) bạn sẽ thấy sự hiện diện của loài cây này trên nửa nước Mỹ .
Khi bạn chạm phải hay đến rất gần loài cây này, bạn cũng có khả năng bị nổi lên những mụn đỏ trên da gây ngứa dữ dội, ngứa đến nổi bạn có thể gãi đến chảy màu, nếu không đi đến bác sĩ kịp thời . Tốt nhất là sau khi đã đi vào rừng hay đến những vùng có nhiều cây cỏ thiên nhiên, bạn nên tắm gội toàn thân để trút sạch những độc tính mà bạn có thể vướng vào da thịt, quần áo . Lần đầu tiên khi chụp hình loài cây và hoa này, tôi chưa đọc kỷ thông tin cho nên chưa biết, sau khi trở về nhà, tôi đã làm nhiều việc nhà , cho đến 10 giờ tối tôi mới đi tắm ,và tôi đã bị nổi mụn đỏ khắp mình. mụn nổi đến đâu thì cơn ngứa hoành hành đến đó tôi rất kềm chế nếu không có thể gãi đến chảy máu , nhưng may là không nổi trên hai tay và mặt, có lẽ vì khi trở về nhà tôi đã rửa mặt và tay liền . Hậu quả là tôi đã phải uống thuốc chống dị ứng một tuần lễ , và các mụn đỏ để lại dấu vết trên cơ thể rất ghê. Con trai nóng ruột quá đi mua cho tôi Johnson Baby Lotion loại có : Vanilla Oatmeal để sau khi tắm xong ,thoa lên những chỗ có vết mụn để lại thì những vết đỏ sẽ mau phai cách nhanh chóng . Nếu trong vườn bạn có mọc loài cây này, hãy đốn bỏ đi tận gốc rể để đề phòng bênh tật nhất là nếu bạn có trẻ nhỏ, tôi không biết nếu trẻ nhỏ chạm phải cây này thì sẽ như thế nào.

I was itched and had many acne redness ( look like Chicken-pox )on skin from the hip to the feet, after I touched the leaves, flowers for taking some images of these plants. I used allergy tablet for stop itchy in 7 days. After that I read some information of this plant, and I tried to come back to take some more photos for , but I had a shower right after I came back home, not wait until evening as before, and I didn't be itch again.
That's my experience .....Read the information below carefully, please.
The foliage of Poison Ivy can irritate the skin of most people, causing redness and blisters. This is caused by a reaction of the immune system to urushiol. People who are immune to Poison Ivy when they are young, can become sensitive to its irritating effects when they become older ( www.illinoiswildflowers.info ).

Vietnamese named : Thường Xuân độc, Sơn đôc, Ivy độc.
Common names : Poison Ivy, Eastern Poison Ivy.
Scientist name : Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze
Synonyms :
Familly : Anacardiaceae - Sumac family.
Group : Dicot
Duration : Perennial
Growth Habit : Shrub - Forb/herb - Subshrub - Vine
Kingdom : Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass : Rosidae
Order : Sapindales
Genus : Toxicodendron Mill. – poison oak
Species : Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze – eastern poison ivy

**** vst.vista.gov.vn/home/database/an_pham_dien_tu/MagazineNa...
Khí nhà kính sinh ra những cây leo độc

Cây thường xuân có độc (toxicodendron radicans) mọc như một loại cây bụi hoặc leo lên thân các cây khác là hiểm họa đối với những người làm vườn và những người dân quê ở Bắc Mỹ vì chúng có thể gây ra chứng phát ban rất đau trên da. Loại cây này tạo ra một loại chất độc gọi là urushiol nằm trong lá cây.
Trong nghiên cứu này, Mohan và các cộng sự của bà đã bơm thêm khí CO2 vào 3 khu đất lớn bao quanh ở rừng thông phía Bắc California. Trong sáu năm, cây cối trong rừng nhận một lượng CO2 là 580 phần triệu so với lượng CO2 trong bầu khí quyển hiện vào khoảng 380 phần triệu. Con số 580 phần triệu là là con số chúng ta dự đoán mức độ ô nhiễm vào giữa thế kỷ 21.
Nghiên cứu khác đã cho rằng các cây leo có xu hướng lớn nhanh đặc biệt khi lượng CO2 tăng cao hơn, và những cây leo đang tăng nhanh về số lượng trên khắp trái đất. Không giống như các loại cây thông thường hấp thụ lượng khí cacbonic tăng thêm để sản sinh thêm gỗ, những cây leo này hấp thụ lượng lượng khí cacbonic tăng thêm để sản sinh thêm lá. Lượng lá cây tăng thêm lại giúp cây leo hập thụ thêm khí CO2, vòng tuần hoàn này lặp đi lặp lại và những cây leo này ngày càng phát triển hơn.
Thí nghiệm của Mohan nhằm mục đích kiểm tra xem liệu kết quả trên cây leo có lớn vọt lên trong thiên nhiên như chúng đã thể hiện ở thí nghiệm trong nhà kính hay không. Và câu trả lời là “Có, chúng lớn rất nhanh”. Những cây thường xuân có độc lớn nhanh gấp hai lần so với những cây cùng loại được phát triển ở dưới mức CO2 bình thường, trong khi tỷ lệ này ở các loài cây thân gỗ là khoảng 31%. Nhóm nghiên cứu cho biết khí CO2 tăng lên cũng tạo ra một loại chất độc urushiol nguy hiểm hơn.
Chất béo gây đau rát
Urushiol được tạo ra từ nhiều loại chất béo khác nhau. Loại chất béo ít độc hơn là chất béo “bão hòa,” có nghĩa là các nguyên tử cacbon trong phân tử chỉ có liên kết đơn với các nguyên tử cacbon khác, và phần còn lại của các liên kết này bão hòa với hyđrô. Tuy nhiên hầu hết các chất béo trong urushiol đều không bão hòa. Chúng có hơn 1 liên kết hóa học giữa nguyên tử cacbon và có ít hyđrô hơn. Những chất béo không bão hoà này được cho là những chất làm da tấy rát nhất.
Bằng cách chiết xuất chất urushiol từ lá cây, các nhà nghiên cứu đã phát hiện ra rằng cây thường xuân có độc phát triển trong môi trường có hàm lượng khí CO2 cao sinh ra một dạng chất độc không bão hoà urushiol nhiều hơn 150% và chất urushiol bão hòa ít hơn 60%.
Các nhà nghiên cứu không chắc chắn tại sao sự biến đổi hóa học này lại xảy ra, nhưng có ý kiến cho rằng hàm lượng cacbon tăng lên bằng cách nào đó sẽ tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho các phản ứng hóa học sản sinh ra dạng không bão hòa của chất urushiol.
Ước tính ở Mỹ mỗi năm cây thường xuân độc gây ra 350.000 trường hợp phát ban trên da. Khoảng 80% người dân có phản ứng với chất độc này và càng tiếp xúc nhiều hơn với chất độc, phản ứng của họ càng tệ hơn. Mohan nói rằng: “Tôi có những đồng nghiệp bị dị ứng mạnh đến nỗi các bác sĩ chuyên khoa da liễu của họ nói rằng họ phải chuyển nghề.”
Mohan cho rằng sự tăng lên của CO2 cũng làm tăng trưởng các cây leo độc khác trong họ Toxicodendron trên khắp thế giới. “Những loài cây phổ biến của rừng trong tương lai sẽ khác với những loài cây phổ biến trong rừng hiện nay.”
N.M.N (theo Nature online, 30/5/2006)

________________________________________________________________

**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=tora2
**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicodendron_radicans
**** www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/tora.html
**** www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=TORA2
**** www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/poison_ivy.htm

**** www.kingdomplantae.net/poisonIvy.php

A highly variable perennial woody vine or shrub, native to North America and Asia and introduced in Great Britain, Europe, and Australia.
There is considerable disagreement over whether poison ivy is one species with variations, or many separate species. It is also sometimes said that the poison oaks (Toxicodendron diversilobum and Toxicodendron quercifolium) are merely variations of the same species.

The photos on this page depict the common form in my locale (a trailing vine), but the text is more general.

Poison ivy prefers rich soil with good drainage and plenty of water. It is particularly common around lakes, swamps, and rivers. It will grow perfectly well, however, in a wide variety of other habitats. It's common along roadsides and trails, in areas of waste ground, in thickets, in open woods, and in old fields. It seems to do best in my area (Minnesota) in places that are just slightly shaded.

New poison ivy shoots sprout from existing roots, from rhizomes (underground stems), from climbing vines, and of course, from seed.

The stems are woody, brown, and smooth (though older stems of climbing plants develop a very hairy appearance). They may trail along (or just under) the ground, sending frequent branches both out and up. They may grow upright, in a shrub form, which can reach 7 feet in height under good conditions. Or they may grow as a vine, up to 5 inches in diameter, climbing trees and fences by means of dense, dark, fibrous, aerial roots (giving the vines that hairy look).

The alternate leaves have rather long stalks and are palmately compound (the leaflets radiate outward from a center point, like the fingers on your hand). The three leaflets, around 2" to 4" in length, may be shiny or not, are generally (but not always) wavy-edged or slightly toothed, and are sometimes slightly lobed. The young leaves are green, often with a reddish cast that they lose as they mature. In late spring to early summer, the flowers appear, in loose clusters from the leaf axils. The flowers have five petals, are about 1/8" diameter, are off-white with a yellowish or greenish tinge, and develop into small (about 1/4" diameter), round, dry, off-white fruits with a yellowish or greenish tinge. The fruit ripens in late summer through late fall, and at about the same time the leaves turn bright red, providing a cue to the many birds that feed on the fruits. The leaves fall once temperatures drop below freezing, while the fruits remain on the plants through the winter.

The thing that makes poison ivy so famous is the presence of a pale yellow oil called urushiol. This oil is present within all parts of the plant, but is not found on the surface unless the plant is damaged or bruised. The plant is somewhat fragile, however, and the majority of specimens are damaged in some way. Furthermore, urushiol can take many years to break down, particularly in cool and dry conditions, so it is also present in dead plants.

Urushiol is sticky, and is easily transferred to anything that touches it. And, as it is a stable compound, once it's on something (like your clothes, tools, or pets), at least some of it will stay there for quite a while unless it's washed off. When poison ivy is burned, the urushiol is carried on particles of soot and dust in the smoke.

Urushiol itself is not poisonous. However, urushiol which remains on your skin for more than five minutes or so will begin to be absorbed and metabolized.


The metabolites bind with skin proteins, forming new structures. In about 85% of the human population, the immune system sees these structures as foreign and attacks them. It is this immune response, or allergic reaction, which causes the itching, inflammation, and blistering of the skin. These symptoms generally appear after half a day to two days. After a few more days, when all of the alien structures have been destroyed (along with much of the surrounding tissue), the rash begins to heal...

The average person doesn't have a reaction the first time they're exposed, and if they do, it's usually delayed by seven to ten days. It takes some time for your body to produce the appropriate T-cells. Sensitivity also varies among individuals, and usually decreases with age. The palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, where the skin is thicker, are generally immune.

Severe cases, especially those involving mucous membranes (eyes, mouth, throat, lungs, etc.) require medical attention. Hydrocortisone preparations or, in really severe cases, steroids, are generally given to reduce the immune response. As with many allergens, a severe reaction can be fatal if left untreated.


The best way to avoid getting "poison ivy" is to not get urushiol on your skin. Know what the plant looks like and avoid it. If you can't avoid it, wear protective clothing. Wash anything that may have come in contact with the plant before it touches your skin, including your dog. Never ever ever burn poison ivy. Stay away from forest fires (unless you're a firefighter, then wear protective gear). There are also barrier creams that are commercially available.

If you think you've been exposed, wash the area as soon as possible, preferably within an hour after exposure, with lots of cool running water. A lake or a river works well. Don't use soap unless it contains no oils (oil will cause the urushiol to spread). In the woods, look for bouncing bet (Saponaria officinales). With its high saponin content, it makes a workable oil-free soap. You may also wash the area with alcohol or another solvent, rinsing with plenty of water, but keep in mind that this strips your skin of its protective oils, making it more vulnerable to urushiol.

The most well known herbal treatment for poison ivy is the juice of jewelweed (Impatiens spp.) There may be a compound in jewelweed which binds to the same sites as the urushiol metabolites, thereby blocking their access. If this is true, applying jewelweed to the skin just before or just after exposure should prevent the rash. There is quite a lot of anecdotal evidence that this works. Jewelweed also has anti-inflammatory properties and should be a soothing treatment for an already developed rash.

Plantain (Plantago spp.), applied as a poultice, may also prevent the rash and will also soothe an already developed rash. Other plants with astringent and/or soothing properties may also help.

There is anecdotal evidence of people desensitizing themselves to poison ivy by eating poison ivy leaves, first starting with a tiny amount and then gradually increasing the dosage until a maintenance level is reached. The most common side effect of this treatment, however, is getting the rash where the urushiol passes out of your body. It is also possible to have symptoms internally. Similar treatments in pill form can be obtained from a doctor or dermatologist, but have the same unpleasant side effects. No other immunization appears to be available at this time.

Medicinally, poison ivy has been used to treat paralysis, arthritis, and certain persistent skin disorders, and also as a sedative. It is still used in homeopathic medicine for arthritis and skin disorders.

Poison ivy fruits are an important food source for a wide variety of birds (who also spread the seeds), and also for other wildlife, including deer. Goats quite like poison ivy and can be an effective means of controlling it. I've heard that drinking the milk from such a goat might desensitize a person, though I haven't seen any evidence to back that up. Studies have been done showing that urushiol is not transferred to the milk, but whether its metabolites are present seems to be unknown.

Poison ivy has occasionally been planted in gardens for color. This is how it arrived in England and Australia.

The sap turns black, and dries hard (like lacquer), when exposed to air, and has been used as a permanent ink, as a dye, and as an ingredient in varnishes.

To control poison ivy, either pull or dig it out by hand, cover it with mulch so that no light reaches it, mow it close to the ground, spray it with herbicides, or use any combination of methods. If you pull it out by hand, the best time is probably late fall or very early spring, and protective clothing must be worn. Be sure to get every part of the plant or it will regenerate. Throw it all in the trash (double bag it for the trash collector). Do not attempt to compost it and never ever try to burn it. When you're finished, wash everything, including yourself, thoroughly (wash your clothes separately from your other laundry or have them dry-cleaned if necessary). Using mulch is simple, but the ivy may pop through again, so cover it well. Mowing will kill a portion of it, anyway, as will the exposure to full sun, but remember that you're getting the oil all over the place, so wear protective gear and clean your equipment afterward. If herbicides are used, use them carefully, following the directions, and no more than necessary. Probably the most effective and least harmful method is to cut it and then use a disposable foam brush to paint the stump with the herbicide. You'll probably also want to wash everything when you're done. Herbicides are poisons, after all.

One last way to control poison ivy is to make the site inhospitable for it. Pay attention to the local conditions that it likes to grow in, and those it doesn't grow in, and then add or remove other plants to make the poison ivy feel less at home. Planting aggressive plants or plants that inhibit the growth of other plants, like black walnut or mugwort might be worth a try.

A last thought - don't create a problem where none exists. Behind the building where I work, there's a granite outcropping covered in wild blackberries, wild roses, staghorn sumac, moss with tiny little flowers and poison ivy. Small animals and birds loved the place, as did I, often picking blackberries there (carefully) on my lunch break. The poison ivy never spread off the rock because the area around it was kept mowed. But some safety official from the big city decided it was dangerous and had to be eliminated, so our maintenance crew has been spraying Round-up all over it for months and months. They haven't killed the poison ivy - and probably won't, even if they try to dig it out, since the roots run through the rock, but they've killed almost everything else there - there are no more blackberries, no roses, no birds or rabbits or tiny little flowers - and as far as I know noone ever actually got poison ivy there because only a few of us ever went back there and we were all nature types who knew enough to avoid it. It's just a waste of time, energy, and much needed habitat to start a war against something that isn't hurting anyone.


Poison Ivy, Toxicodendron radicans....Ivy có độc....#4
photo effects online
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Taken on June 8, 2012 in Waco city, Texas state, Southern of America.

Nếu nhìn trên bản đồ của Bộ Nông Nghiêp Hoa Kỳ ( USDA ) bạn sẽ thấy sự hiện diện của loài cây này trên phân nửa nước Mỹ .
Khi bạn chạm phải hay đến rất gần loài cây này, bạn cũng có khả năng bị nổi lên những mụn đỏ trên da gây ngứa dữ dội, ngứa đến nổi bạn có thể gãi đến chảy màu, nếu không đi đến bác sĩ kịp thời . Tốt nhất là sau khi đã đi vào rừng hay đến những vùng có nhiều cây cỏ thiên nhiên, bạn nên tắm gội toàn thân để trút sạch những độc tính mà bạn có thể vướng vào da thịt, quần áo . Lần đầu tiên khi chụp hình loài cây và hoa này, tôi chưa đọc kỷ thông tin cho nên chưa biết, sau khi trở về nhà, tôi đã làm nhiều việc nhà , cho đến 10 giờ tối tôi mới đi tắm ,và tôi đã bị nổi mụn đỏ khắp mình. mụn nổi đến đâu thì cơn ngứa hoành hành đến đó tôi rất kềm chế nếu không có thể gãi đến chảy máu , nhưng may là không nổi trên hai tay và mặt, có lẽ vì khi trở về nhà tôi đã rửa mặt và tay liền . Hậu quả là tôi đã phải uống thuốc chống dị ứng một tuần lễ , và các mụn đỏ để lại dấu vết trên cơ thể rất ghê. Con trai nóng ruột quá đi mua cho tôi Johnson Baby Lotion loại có : Vanilla Oatmeal để sau khi tắm xong ,thoa lên những chỗ có vết mụn để lại thì những vết đỏ sẽ mau phai cách nhanh chóng . Nếu trong vườn bạn có mọc loài cây này, hãy đốn bỏ đi tận gốc rể để đề phòng bênh tật nhất là nếu bạn có trẻ nhỏ, tôi không biết nếu trẻ nhỏ chạm phải cây này thì sẽ như thế nào.

I was itched and had many acne redness ( look like Chicken-pox )on skin from the hip to the feet, after I touched the leaves, flowers for taking some images of these plants. I used allergy tablet for stop itchy in 7 days. After that I read some information of this plant, and I tried to come back to take some more photos for , but I had a shower right after I came back home, not wait until evening as before, and I didn't be itch again.
That's my experience .....Read the information below carefully, please.
The foliage of Poison Ivy can irritate the skin of most people, causing redness and blisters. This is caused by a reaction of the immune system to urushiol. People who are immune to Poison Ivy when they are young, can become sensitive to its irritating effects when they become older ( www.illinoiswildflowers.info ).

Vietnamese named : Thường Xuân độc, Sơn đôc, Ivy độc.
Common names : Poison Ivy, Eastern Poison Ivy.
Scientist name : Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze
Synonyms :
Familly : Anacardiaceae - Sumac family.
Group : Dicot
Duration : Perennial
Growth Habit : Shrub - Forb/herb - Subshrub - Vine
Kingdom : Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass : Rosidae
Order : Sapindales
Genus : Toxicodendron Mill. – poison oak
Species : Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze – eastern poison ivy

**** vst.vista.gov.vn/home/database/an_pham_dien_tu/MagazineNa...
Khí nhà kính sinh ra những cây leo độc

Cây thường xuân có độc (toxicodendron radicans) mọc như một loại cây bụi hoặc leo lên thân các cây khác là hiểm họa đối với những người làm vườn và những người dân quê ở Bắc Mỹ vì chúng có thể gây ra chứng phát ban rất đau trên da. Loại cây này tạo ra một loại chất độc gọi là urushiol nằm trong lá cây.
Trong nghiên cứu này, Mohan và các cộng sự của bà đã bơm thêm khí CO2 vào 3 khu đất lớn bao quanh ở rừng thông phía Bắc California. Trong sáu năm, cây cối trong rừng nhận một lượng CO2 là 580 phần triệu so với lượng CO2 trong bầu khí quyển hiện vào khoảng 380 phần triệu. Con số 580 phần triệu là là con số chúng ta dự đoán mức độ ô nhiễm vào giữa thế kỷ 21.
Nghiên cứu khác đã cho rằng các cây leo có xu hướng lớn nhanh đặc biệt khi lượng CO2 tăng cao hơn, và những cây leo đang tăng nhanh về số lượng trên khắp trái đất. Không giống như các loại cây thông thường hấp thụ lượng khí cacbonic tăng thêm để sản sinh thêm gỗ, những cây leo này hấp thụ lượng lượng khí cacbonic tăng thêm để sản sinh thêm lá. Lượng lá cây tăng thêm lại giúp cây leo hập thụ thêm khí CO2, vòng tuần hoàn này lặp đi lặp lại và những cây leo này ngày càng phát triển hơn.
Thí nghiệm của Mohan nhằm mục đích kiểm tra xem liệu kết quả trên cây leo có lớn vọt lên trong thiên nhiên như chúng đã thể hiện ở thí nghiệm trong nhà kính hay không. Và câu trả lời là “Có, chúng lớn rất nhanh”. Những cây thường xuân có độc lớn nhanh gấp hai lần so với những cây cùng loại được phát triển ở dưới mức CO2 bình thường, trong khi tỷ lệ này ở các loài cây thân gỗ là khoảng 31%. Nhóm nghiên cứu cho biết khí CO2 tăng lên cũng tạo ra một loại chất độc urushiol nguy hiểm hơn.
Chất béo gây đau rát
Urushiol được tạo ra từ nhiều loại chất béo khác nhau. Loại chất béo ít độc hơn là chất béo “bão hòa,” có nghĩa là các nguyên tử cacbon trong phân tử chỉ có liên kết đơn với các nguyên tử cacbon khác, và phần còn lại của các liên kết này bão hòa với hyđrô. Tuy nhiên hầu hết các chất béo trong urushiol đều không bão hòa. Chúng có hơn 1 liên kết hóa học giữa nguyên tử cacbon và có ít hyđrô hơn. Những chất béo không bão hoà này được cho là những chất làm da tấy rát nhất.
Bằng cách chiết xuất chất urushiol từ lá cây, các nhà nghiên cứu đã phát hiện ra rằng cây thường xuân có độc phát triển trong môi trường có hàm lượng khí CO2 cao sinh ra một dạng chất độc không bão hoà urushiol nhiều hơn 150% và chất urushiol bão hòa ít hơn 60%.
Các nhà nghiên cứu không chắc chắn tại sao sự biến đổi hóa học này lại xảy ra, nhưng có ý kiến cho rằng hàm lượng cacbon tăng lên bằng cách nào đó sẽ tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho các phản ứng hóa học sản sinh ra dạng không bão hòa của chất urushiol.
Ước tính ở Mỹ mỗi năm cây thường xuân độc gây ra 350.000 trường hợp phát ban trên da. Khoảng 80% người dân có phản ứng với chất độc này và càng tiếp xúc nhiều hơn với chất độc, phản ứng của họ càng tệ hơn. Mohan nói rằng: “Tôi có những đồng nghiệp bị dị ứng mạnh đến nỗi các bác sĩ chuyên khoa da liễu của họ nói rằng họ phải chuyển nghề.”
Mohan cho rằng sự tăng lên của CO2 cũng làm tăng trưởng các cây leo độc khác trong họ Toxicodendron trên khắp thế giới. “Những loài cây phổ biến của rừng trong tương lai sẽ khác với những loài cây phổ biến trong rừng hiện nay.”
N.M.N (theo Nature online, 30/5/2006)

________________________________________________________________

**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=tora2
**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicodendron_radicans
**** www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/tora.html
**** www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=TORA2
**** www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/poison_ivy.htm

**** www.kingdomplantae.net/poisonIvy.php

A highly variable perennial woody vine or shrub, native to North America and Asia and introduced in Great Britain, Europe, and Australia.
There is considerable disagreement over whether poison ivy is one species with variations, or many separate species. It is also sometimes said that the poison oaks (Toxicodendron diversilobum and Toxicodendron quercifolium) are merely variations of the same species.

The photos on this page depict the common form in my locale (a trailing vine), but the text is more general.

Poison ivy prefers rich soil with good drainage and plenty of water. It is particularly common around lakes, swamps, and rivers. It will grow perfectly well, however, in a wide variety of other habitats. It's common along roadsides and trails, in areas of waste ground, in thickets, in open woods, and in old fields. It seems to do best in my area (Minnesota) in places that are just slightly shaded.

New poison ivy shoots sprout from existing roots, from rhizomes (underground stems), from climbing vines, and of course, from seed.

The stems are woody, brown, and smooth (though older stems of climbing plants develop a very hairy appearance). They may trail along (or just under) the ground, sending frequent branches both out and up. They may grow upright, in a shrub form, which can reach 7 feet in height under good conditions. Or they may grow as a vine, up to 5 inches in diameter, climbing trees and fences by means of dense, dark, fibrous, aerial roots (giving the vines that hairy look).

The alternate leaves have rather long stalks and are palmately compound (the leaflets radiate outward from a center point, like the fingers on your hand). The three leaflets, around 2" to 4" in length, may be shiny or not, are generally (but not always) wavy-edged or slightly toothed, and are sometimes slightly lobed. The young leaves are green, often with a reddish cast that they lose as they mature. In late spring to early summer, the flowers appear, in loose clusters from the leaf axils. The flowers have five petals, are about 1/8" diameter, are off-white with a yellowish or greenish tinge, and develop into small (about 1/4" diameter), round, dry, off-white fruits with a yellowish or greenish tinge. The fruit ripens in late summer through late fall, and at about the same time the leaves turn bright red, providing a cue to the many birds that feed on the fruits. The leaves fall once temperatures drop below freezing, while the fruits remain on the plants through the winter.

The thing that makes poison ivy so famous is the presence of a pale yellow oil called urushiol. This oil is present within all parts of the plant, but is not found on the surface unless the plant is damaged or bruised. The plant is somewhat fragile, however, and the majority of specimens are damaged in some way. Furthermore, urushiol can take many years to break down, particularly in cool and dry conditions, so it is also present in dead plants.

Urushiol is sticky, and is easily transferred to anything that touches it. And, as it is a stable compound, once it's on something (like your clothes, tools, or pets), at least some of it will stay there for quite a while unless it's washed off. When poison ivy is burned, the urushiol is carried on particles of soot and dust in the smoke.

Urushiol itself is not poisonous. However, urushiol which remains on your skin for more than five minutes or so will begin to be absorbed and metabolized.


The metabolites bind with skin proteins, forming new structures. In about 85% of the human population, the immune system sees these structures as foreign and attacks them. It is this immune response, or allergic reaction, which causes the itching, inflammation, and blistering of the skin. These symptoms generally appear after half a day to two days. After a few more days, when all of the alien structures have been destroyed (along with much of the surrounding tissue), the rash begins to heal...

The average person doesn't have a reaction the first time they're exposed, and if they do, it's usually delayed by seven to ten days. It takes some time for your body to produce the appropriate T-cells. Sensitivity also varies among individuals, and usually decreases with age. The palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, where the skin is thicker, are generally immune.

Severe cases, especially those involving mucous membranes (eyes, mouth, throat, lungs, etc.) require medical attention. Hydrocortisone preparations or, in really severe cases, steroids, are generally given to reduce the immune response. As with many allergens, a severe reaction can be fatal if left untreated.


The best way to avoid getting "poison ivy" is to not get urushiol on your skin. Know what the plant looks like and avoid it. If you can't avoid it, wear protective clothing. Wash anything that may have come in contact with the plant before it touches your skin, including your dog. Never ever ever burn poison ivy. Stay away from forest fires (unless you're a firefighter, then wear protective gear). There are also barrier creams that are commercially available.

If you think you've been exposed, wash the area as soon as possible, preferably within an hour after exposure, with lots of cool running water. A lake or a river works well. Don't use soap unless it contains no oils (oil will cause the urushiol to spread). In the woods, look for bouncing bet (Saponaria officinales). With its high saponin content, it makes a workable oil-free soap. You may also wash the area with alcohol or another solvent, rinsing with plenty of water, but keep in mind that this strips your skin of its protective oils, making it more vulnerable to urushiol.

The most well known herbal treatment for poison ivy is the juice of jewelweed (Impatiens spp.) There may be a compound in jewelweed which binds to the same sites as the urushiol metabolites, thereby blocking their access. If this is true, applying jewelweed to the skin just before or just after exposure should prevent the rash. There is quite a lot of anecdotal evidence that this works. Jewelweed also has anti-inflammatory properties and should be a soothing treatment for an already developed rash.

Plantain (Plantago spp.), applied as a poultice, may also prevent the rash and will also soothe an already developed rash. Other plants with astringent and/or soothing properties may also help.

There is anecdotal evidence of people desensitizing themselves to poison ivy by eating poison ivy leaves, first starting with a tiny amount and then gradually increasing the dosage until a maintenance level is reached. The most common side effect of this treatment, however, is getting the rash where the urushiol passes out of your body. It is also possible to have symptoms internally. Similar treatments in pill form can be obtained from a doctor or dermatologist, but have the same unpleasant side effects. No other immunization appears to be available at this time.

Medicinally, poison ivy has been used to treat paralysis, arthritis, and certain persistent skin disorders, and also as a sedative. It is still used in homeopathic medicine for arthritis and skin disorders.

Poison ivy fruits are an important food source for a wide variety of birds (who also spread the seeds), and also for other wildlife, including deer. Goats quite like poison ivy and can be an effective means of controlling it. I've heard that drinking the milk from such a goat might desensitize a person, though I haven't seen any evidence to back that up. Studies have been done showing that urushiol is not transferred to the milk, but whether its metabolites are present seems to be unknown.

Poison ivy has occasionally been planted in gardens for color. This is how it arrived in England and Australia.

The sap turns black, and dries hard (like lacquer), when exposed to air, and has been used as a permanent ink, as a dye, and as an ingredient in varnishes.

To control poison ivy, either pull or dig it out by hand, cover it with mulch so that no light reaches it, mow it close to the ground, spray it with herbicides, or use any combination of methods. If you pull it out by hand, the best time is probably late fall or very early spring, and protective clothing must be worn. Be sure to get every part of the plant or it will regenerate. Throw it all in the trash (double bag it for the trash collector). Do not attempt to compost it and never ever try to burn it. When you're finished, wash everything, including yourself, thoroughly (wash your clothes separately from your other laundry or have them dry-cleaned if necessary). Using mulch is simple, but the ivy may pop through again, so cover it well. Mowing will kill a portion of it, anyway, as will the exposure to full sun, but remember that you're getting the oil all over the place, so wear protective gear and clean your equipment afterward. If herbicides are used, use them carefully, following the directions, and no more than necessary. Probably the most effective and least harmful method is to cut it and then use a disposable foam brush to paint the stump with the herbicide. You'll probably also want to wash everything when you're done. Herbicides are poisons, after all.

One last way to control poison ivy is to make the site inhospitable for it. Pay attention to the local conditions that it likes to grow in, and those it doesn't grow in, and then add or remove other plants to make the poison ivy feel less at home. Planting aggressive plants or plants that inhibit the growth of other plants, like black walnut or mugwort might be worth a try.

A last thought - don't create a problem where none exists. Behind the building where I work, there's a granite outcropping covered in wild blackberries, wild roses, staghorn sumac, moss with tiny little flowers and poison ivy. Small animals and birds loved the place, as did I, often picking blackberries there (carefully) on my lunch break. The poison ivy never spread off the rock because the area around it was kept mowed. But some safety official from the big city decided it was dangerous and had to be eliminated, so our maintenance crew has been spraying Round-up all over it for months and months. They haven't killed the poison ivy - and probably won't, even if they try to dig it out, since the roots run through the rock, but they've killed almost everything else there - there are no more blackberries, no roses, no birds or rabbits or tiny little flowers - and as far as I know noone ever actually got poison ivy there because only a few of us ever went back there and we were all nature types who knew enough to avoid it. It's just a waste of time, energy, and much needed habitat to start a war against something that isn't hurting anyone.


Poison Ivy, Toxicodendron radicans....Ivy có độc....#1
photo effects online
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Taken on June 8, 2012 in Waco city, Texas state, Southern of America.

Nếu nhìn trên bản đồ của Bộ Nông Nghiêp Hoa Kỳ ( USDA ) bạn sẽ thấy sự hiện diện của loài cây này trên phân nửa nước Mỹ .
Khi bạn chạm phải hay đến rất gần loài cây này, bạn cũng có khả năng bị nổi lên những mụn đỏ trên da gây ngứa dữ dội, ngứa đến nổi bạn có thể gãi đến chảy màu, nếu không đi đến bác sĩ kịp thời . Tốt nhất là sau khi đã đi vào rừng hay đến những vùng có nhiều cây cỏ thiên nhiên, bạn nên tắm gội toàn thân để trút sạch những độc tính mà bạn có thể vướng vào da thịt, quần áo . Lần đầu tiên khi chụp hình loài cây và hoa này, tôi chưa đọc kỷ thông tin cho nên chưa biết, sau khi trở về nhà, tôi đã làm nhiều việc nhà , cho đến 10 giờ tối tôi mới đi tắm ,và tôi đã bị nổi mụn đỏ khắp mình. mụn nổi đến đâu thì cơn ngứa hoành hành đến đó tôi rất kềm chế nếu không có thể gãi đến chảy máu , nhưng may là không nổi trên hai tay và mặt, có lẽ vì khi trở về nhà tôi đã rửa mặt và tay liền . Hậu quả là tôi đã phải uống thuốc chống dị ứng một tuần lễ , và các mụn đỏ để lại dấu vết trên cơ thể rất ghê. Con trai nóng ruột quá đi mua cho tôi Johnson Baby Lotion loại có : Vanilla Oatmeal để sau khi tắm xong ,thoa lên những chỗ có vết mụn để lại thì những vết đỏ sẽ mau phai cách nhanh chóng . Nếu trong vườn bạn có mọc loài cây này, hãy đốn bỏ đi tận gốc rể để đề phòng bênh tật nhất là nếu bạn có trẻ nhỏ, tôi không biết nếu trẻ nhỏ chạm phải cây này thì sẽ như thế nào.

I was itched and had many acne redness ( look like Chicken-pox )on skin from the hip to the feet, after I touched the leaves, flowers for taking some images of these plants. I used allergy tablet for stop itchy in 7 days. After that I read some information of this plant, and I tried to come back to take some more photos for , but I had a shower right after I came back home, not wait until evening as before, and I didn't be itch again.
That's my experience .....Read the information below carefully, please.
The foliage of Poison Ivy can irritate the skin of most people, causing redness and blisters. This is caused by a reaction of the immune system to urushiol. People who are immune to Poison Ivy when they are young, can become sensitive to its irritating effects when they become older ( www.illinoiswildflowers.info ).

Vietnamese named : Thường Xuân độc, Sơn đôc, Ivy độc.
Common names : Poison Ivy, Eastern Poison Ivy.
Scientist name : Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze
Synonyms :
Familly : Anacardiaceae - Sumac family.
Group : Dicot
Duration : Perennial
Growth Habit : Shrub - Forb/herb - Subshrub - Vine
Kingdom : Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom : Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision : Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass : Rosidae
Order : Sapindales
Genus : Toxicodendron Mill. – poison oak
Species : Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze – eastern poison ivy

**** vst.vista.gov.vn/home/database/an_pham_dien_tu/MagazineNa...
Khí nhà kính sinh ra những cây leo độc

Cây thường xuân có độc (toxicodendron radicans) mọc như một loại cây bụi hoặc leo lên thân các cây khác là hiểm họa đối với những người làm vườn và những người dân quê ở Bắc Mỹ vì chúng có thể gây ra chứng phát ban rất đau trên da. Loại cây này tạo ra một loại chất độc gọi là urushiol nằm trong lá cây.
Trong nghiên cứu này, Mohan và các cộng sự của bà đã bơm thêm khí CO2 vào 3 khu đất lớn bao quanh ở rừng thông phía Bắc California. Trong sáu năm, cây cối trong rừng nhận một lượng CO2 là 580 phần triệu so với lượng CO2 trong bầu khí quyển hiện vào khoảng 380 phần triệu. Con số 580 phần triệu là là con số chúng ta dự đoán mức độ ô nhiễm vào giữa thế kỷ 21.
Nghiên cứu khác đã cho rằng các cây leo có xu hướng lớn nhanh đặc biệt khi lượng CO2 tăng cao hơn, và những cây leo đang tăng nhanh về số lượng trên khắp trái đất. Không giống như các loại cây thông thường hấp thụ lượng khí cacbonic tăng thêm để sản sinh thêm gỗ, những cây leo này hấp thụ lượng lượng khí cacbonic tăng thêm để sản sinh thêm lá. Lượng lá cây tăng thêm lại giúp cây leo hập thụ thêm khí CO2, vòng tuần hoàn này lặp đi lặp lại và những cây leo này ngày càng phát triển hơn.
Thí nghiệm của Mohan nhằm mục đích kiểm tra xem liệu kết quả trên cây leo có lớn vọt lên trong thiên nhiên như chúng đã thể hiện ở thí nghiệm trong nhà kính hay không. Và câu trả lời là “Có, chúng lớn rất nhanh”. Những cây thường xuân có độc lớn nhanh gấp hai lần so với những cây cùng loại được phát triển ở dưới mức CO2 bình thường, trong khi tỷ lệ này ở các loài cây thân gỗ là khoảng 31%. Nhóm nghiên cứu cho biết khí CO2 tăng lên cũng tạo ra một loại chất độc urushiol nguy hiểm hơn.
Chất béo gây đau rát
Urushiol được tạo ra từ nhiều loại chất béo khác nhau. Loại chất béo ít độc hơn là chất béo “bão hòa,” có nghĩa là các nguyên tử cacbon trong phân tử chỉ có liên kết đơn với các nguyên tử cacbon khác, và phần còn lại của các liên kết này bão hòa với hyđrô. Tuy nhiên hầu hết các chất béo trong urushiol đều không bão hòa. Chúng có hơn 1 liên kết hóa học giữa nguyên tử cacbon và có ít hyđrô hơn. Những chất béo không bão hoà này được cho là những chất làm da tấy rát nhất.
Bằng cách chiết xuất chất urushiol từ lá cây, các nhà nghiên cứu đã phát hiện ra rằng cây thường xuân có độc phát triển trong môi trường có hàm lượng khí CO2 cao sinh ra một dạng chất độc không bão hoà urushiol nhiều hơn 150% và chất urushiol bão hòa ít hơn 60%.
Các nhà nghiên cứu không chắc chắn tại sao sự biến đổi hóa học này lại xảy ra, nhưng có ý kiến cho rằng hàm lượng cacbon tăng lên bằng cách nào đó sẽ tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho các phản ứng hóa học sản sinh ra dạng không bão hòa của chất urushiol.
Ước tính ở Mỹ mỗi năm cây thường xuân độc gây ra 350.000 trường hợp phát ban trên da. Khoảng 80% người dân có phản ứng với chất độc này và càng tiếp xúc nhiều hơn với chất độc, phản ứng của họ càng tệ hơn. Mohan nói rằng: “Tôi có những đồng nghiệp bị dị ứng mạnh đến nỗi các bác sĩ chuyên khoa da liễu của họ nói rằng họ phải chuyển nghề.”
Mohan cho rằng sự tăng lên của CO2 cũng làm tăng trưởng các cây leo độc khác trong họ Toxicodendron trên khắp thế giới. “Những loài cây phổ biến của rừng trong tương lai sẽ khác với những loài cây phổ biến trong rừng hiện nay.”
N.M.N (theo Nature online, 30/5/2006)

________________________________________________________________

**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=tora2
**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicodendron_radicans
**** www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/tora.html
**** www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=TORA2
**** www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/poison_ivy.htm

**** www.kingdomplantae.net/poisonIvy.php

A highly variable perennial woody vine or shrub, native to North America and Asia and introduced in Great Britain, Europe, and Australia.
There is considerable disagreement over whether poison ivy is one species with variations, or many separate species. It is also sometimes said that the poison oaks (Toxicodendron diversilobum and Toxicodendron quercifolium) are merely variations of the same species.

The photos on this page depict the common form in my locale (a trailing vine), but the text is more general.

Poison ivy prefers rich soil with good drainage and plenty of water. It is particularly common around lakes, swamps, and rivers. It will grow perfectly well, however, in a wide variety of other habitats. It's common along roadsides and trails, in areas of waste ground, in thickets, in open woods, and in old fields. It seems to do best in my area (Minnesota) in places that are just slightly shaded.

New poison ivy shoots sprout from existing roots, from rhizomes (underground stems), from climbing vines, and of course, from seed.

The stems are woody, brown, and smooth (though older stems of climbing plants develop a very hairy appearance). They may trail along (or just under) the ground, sending frequent branches both out and up. They may grow upright, in a shrub form, which can reach 7 feet in height under good conditions. Or they may grow as a vine, up to 5 inches in diameter, climbing trees and fences by means of dense, dark, fibrous, aerial roots (giving the vines that hairy look).

The alternate leaves have rather long stalks and are palmately compound (the leaflets radiate outward from a center point, like the fingers on your hand). The three leaflets, around 2" to 4" in length, may be shiny or not, are generally (but not always) wavy-edged or slightly toothed, and are sometimes slightly lobed. The young leaves are green, often with a reddish cast that they lose as they mature. In late spring to early summer, the flowers appear, in loose clusters from the leaf axils. The flowers have five petals, are about 1/8" diameter, are off-white with a yellowish or greenish tinge, and develop into small (about 1/4" diameter), round, dry, off-white fruits with a yellowish or greenish tinge. The fruit ripens in late summer through late fall, and at about the same time the leaves turn bright red, providing a cue to the many birds that feed on the fruits. The leaves fall once temperatures drop below freezing, while the fruits remain on the plants through the winter.

The thing that makes poison ivy so famous is the presence of a pale yellow oil called urushiol. This oil is present within all parts of the plant, but is not found on the surface unless the plant is damaged or bruised. The plant is somewhat fragile, however, and the majority of specimens are damaged in some way. Furthermore, urushiol can take many years to break down, particularly in cool and dry conditions, so it is also present in dead plants.

Urushiol is sticky, and is easily transferred to anything that touches it. And, as it is a stable compound, once it's on something (like your clothes, tools, or pets), at least some of it will stay there for quite a while unless it's washed off. When poison ivy is burned, the urushiol is carried on particles of soot and dust in the smoke.

Urushiol itself is not poisonous. However, urushiol which remains on your skin for more than five minutes or so will begin to be absorbed and metabolized.


The metabolites bind with skin proteins, forming new structures. In about 85% of the human population, the immune system sees these structures as foreign and attacks them. It is this immune response, or allergic reaction, which causes the itching, inflammation, and blistering of the skin. These symptoms generally appear after half a day to two days. After a few more days, when all of the alien structures have been destroyed (along with much of the surrounding tissue), the rash begins to heal...

The average person doesn't have a reaction the first time they're exposed, and if they do, it's usually delayed by seven to ten days. It takes some time for your body to produce the appropriate T-cells. Sensitivity also varies among individuals, and usually decreases with age. The palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, where the skin is thicker, are generally immune.

Severe cases, especially those involving mucous membranes (eyes, mouth, throat, lungs, etc.) require medical attention. Hydrocortisone preparations or, in really severe cases, steroids, are generally given to reduce the immune response. As with many allergens, a severe reaction can be fatal if left untreated.


The best way to avoid getting "poison ivy" is to not get urushiol on your skin. Know what the plant looks like and avoid it. If you can't avoid it, wear protective clothing. Wash anything that may have come in contact with the plant before it touches your skin, including your dog. Never ever ever burn poison ivy. Stay away from forest fires (unless you're a firefighter, then wear protective gear). There are also barrier creams that are commercially available.

If you think you've been exposed, wash the area as soon as possible, preferably within an hour after exposure, with lots of cool running water. A lake or a river works well. Don't use soap unless it contains no oils (oil will cause the urushiol to spread). In the woods, look for bouncing bet (Saponaria officinales). With its high saponin content, it makes a workable oil-free soap. You may also wash the area with alcohol or another solvent, rinsing with plenty of water, but keep in mind that this strips your skin of its protective oils, making it more vulnerable to urushiol.

The most well known herbal treatment for poison ivy is the juice of jewelweed (Impatiens spp.) There may be a compound in jewelweed which binds to the same sites as the urushiol metabolites, thereby blocking their access. If this is true, applying jewelweed to the skin just before or just after exposure should prevent the rash. There is quite a lot of anecdotal evidence that this works. Jewelweed also has anti-inflammatory properties and should be a soothing treatment for an already developed rash.

Plantain (Plantago spp.), applied as a poultice, may also prevent the rash and will also soothe an already developed rash. Other plants with astringent and/or soothing properties may also help.

There is anecdotal evidence of people desensitizing themselves to poison ivy by eating poison ivy leaves, first starting with a tiny amount and then gradually increasing the dosage until a maintenance level is reached. The most common side effect of this treatment, however, is getting the rash where the urushiol passes out of your body. It is also possible to have symptoms internally. Similar treatments in pill form can be obtained from a doctor or dermatologist, but have the same unpleasant side effects. No other immunization appears to be available at this time.

Medicinally, poison ivy has been used to treat paralysis, arthritis, and certain persistent skin disorders, and also as a sedative. It is still used in homeopathic medicine for arthritis and skin disorders.

Poison ivy fruits are an important food source for a wide variety of birds (who also spread the seeds), and also for other wildlife, including deer. Goats quite like poison ivy and can be an effective means of controlling it. I've heard that drinking the milk from such a goat might desensitize a person, though I haven't seen any evidence to back that up. Studies have been done showing that urushiol is not transferred to the milk, but whether its metabolites are present seems to be unknown.

Poison ivy has occasionally been planted in gardens for color. This is how it arrived in England and Australia.

The sap turns black, and dries hard (like lacquer), when exposed to air, and has been used as a permanent ink, as a dye, and as an ingredient in varnishes.

To control poison ivy, either pull or dig it out by hand, cover it with mulch so that no light reaches it, mow it close to the ground, spray it with herbicides, or use any combination of methods. If you pull it out by hand, the best time is probably late fall or very early spring, and protective clothing must be worn. Be sure to get every part of the plant or it will regenerate. Throw it all in the trash (double bag it for the trash collector). Do not attempt to compost it and never ever try to burn it. When you're finished, wash everything, including yourself, thoroughly (wash your clothes separately from your other laundry or have them dry-cleaned if necessary). Using mulch is simple, but the ivy may pop through again, so cover it well. Mowing will kill a portion of it, anyway, as will the exposure to full sun, but remember that you're getting the oil all over the place, so wear protective gear and clean your equipment afterward. If herbicides are used, use them carefully, following the directions, and no more than necessary. Probably the most effective and least harmful method is to cut it and then use a disposable foam brush to paint the stump with the herbicide. You'll probably also want to wash everything when you're done. Herbicides are poisons, after all.

One last way to control poison ivy is to make the site inhospitable for it. Pay attention to the local conditions that it likes to grow in, and those it doesn't grow in, and then add or remove other plants to make the poison ivy feel less at home. Planting aggressive plants or plants that inhibit the growth of other plants, like black walnut or mugwort might be worth a try.

A last thought - don't create a problem where none exists. Behind the building where I work, there's a granite outcropping covered in wild blackberries, wild roses, staghorn sumac, moss with tiny little flowers and poison ivy. Small animals and birds loved the place, as did I, often picking blackberries there (carefully) on my lunch break. The poison ivy never spread off the rock because the area around it was kept mowed. But some safety official from the big city decided it was dangerous and had to be eliminated, so our maintenance crew has been spraying Round-up all over it for months and months. They haven't killed the poison ivy - and probably won't, even if they try to dig it out, since the roots run through the rock, but they've killed almost everything else there - there are no more blackberries, no roses, no birds or rabbits or tiny little flowers - and as far as I know noone ever actually got poison ivy there because only a few of us ever went back there and we were all nature types who knew enough to avoid it. It's just a waste of time, energy, and much needed habitat to start a war against something that isn't hurting anyone.

Cool Photo Christmas Card images

Check out these photo christmas card images:





photo christmas card
Image by timylee
I think Ricky wanted gift card for some restaurant instead of a bookstore.

Beautiful Black

A few nice nature image images I found:


Beautiful Black
nature image
Image by Property#1
This is the mate of the jaguar seen in previous shots. Looking closely at this beautiful creature you can actually see the spots eon the black coat, not in the image but in person. As he sauntered away from us you could actually make our faint spots in his coat.


Punchbowl Falls
nature image
Image by Philerooski
I was looking at the recent photos of Punchbowl yesterday and not one of them incorporated this log into their composition! When did this thing get here anyways?!

Well I'm kicking it old school with this image :P No dramatic contrast or hdr processing. Just good ol' raw nature.

Extra brownie points to whoever can spot the two people in this image.

Cool Photo Buy images

Some cool photo buy images:


Pierced Nose
photo buy
Image by UrvishJ
typical indian tradition of nose piercing in early age. the thread is kept to prevent the wound from complete healing after the procedure..eventually becomes the permanent hole...

Nice Photo Stock Images photos

A few nice photo stock images images I found:



for the times when we look back...
photo stock images
Image by UrvishJ
He: Still!
She1: Still?
She2: Still...?1???!!!....!!! huh
They: who...we?

Cool Flash Photo images

A few nice flash photo images I found:


Agfa Optima sensor electronic flash
flash photo
Image by alf sigaro
Die Agfa Optima Sensor electronic flash war der Abschluss der vom Design her revolutionären "Agfa Optima Sensor electronic"-Baureihe. Man hatte auf die Agfa Optima 535 Sensor electronic einen Blitz aufgesetzt, was die Eleganz des Gehäuses nicht gerade verbesserte. Technisch war es eine gute Lösung, weil nach dem Ausklappen der Blitz weit genug vom Objektiv entfernt war, um rote Augen zu vermeiden.

Produziert wurde die Kamera ab 1981 in Coimbra/Portugal.

Die anderen Modelle:
335, 1035, 1535, Agfa Optima sensor electronic.



A flash of a red rose
flash photo
Image by krembo1
couldn't decide which photo is better so i published both.
here there is a flash- causing effect on the flower.

Cool Image Editor images

A few nice image editor images I found:



winter white
image editor
Image by onkel_wart (thomas lieser)
This time I used a bit more brain to take the basic pictures -- this pano is based on 19 pictures I took hands-free. I never was a microsoft fan -- but I have to save their ICE tool does great work. I only had to do a slight arrangement of the projection angle and then adjust tone, sharpness and contrast in Elements.
(this is a full size upload - in case you'd like to scroll around it a bit...)
I only found one slight error -- but you'll need to look at the original size, at any smaller resolution you will not see it...

Nice Photo Book photos

Some cool photo book images:


The last man on earth
photo book
Image by LucaDeravignone.com
L'ultimo uomo sulla terra

Tribute to the book "I Am Legend" by Richard Matheson.

www.lucaderavignone.com


Book Talkers Bookmarks in Action
photo book
Image by Enokson
Book Talker book marks are great for book displays, helping kids learn fiction genres, etc. See my Book Talkers set for these and other bookmarks and graphics.

Cool Photo Collage images

Some cool photo collage images:


family portrait/bbassis
photo collage
Image by †kaizermodo†
..collage 2007..


family portrait/chihuahua
photo collage
Image by †kaizermodo†
..collage 2007..


family portrait/violon
photo collage
Image by †kaizermodo†
..collage 2007..

Cool Image Download images

Some cool image download images:


lighthouse III - desktop background wallpaper
image download
Image by (matt)
hope you enjoy this series of desktop background wallpapers.

these images are created for a 1.6:1 aspect ratio. the image resolution is 2560x1600, use a setting such as center or fit if you are using a different resolution.

this series is comprised of images i like and personally use as my desktop background. if there are other images in my stream you'd like to see as backgrounds send me a note.

Bones

Some cool photo edit images:


Bones
photo edit
Image by Yashna M
I don't know what i was thinking.
Yashna~


Safe Harbor
photo edit
Image by DeeAshley
Seashells String The Seaside And All I See Is You And Me Embracing So Tenderly.

Leaderboard